It is the essential living substance of cells, indispensable for life. Life depends fundamentally on protoplasm All living cells contain it, and it serves as the physical foundation for life while carrying out essential duties so J. Huxley called it the "Physical Basis of Life". ...

Introduction Cytology is the study of cell structure, while the study of cell structure and function is known as cell biology. Both have played crucial roles in advancing our understanding of life at the microscopic level. This article explores the key milestones in the field of cytology, ...

The Cell Principle, developed from Schwann's cell hypothesis in 1839, was expanded upon by Schleiden and Schwann, eventually leading to the formation of the Cell Theory. Further modifications were made when Rudolf Virchow proposed the theory of cell lineage or the idea that cells come from ...

Cells exhibit a wide variety of shapes and sizes, reflecting their specialized functions and adaptations to different environments. While cells can come in diverse forms, they share some common characteristics. Shapes of Cells Cells can have various shapes, including spherical, cuboidal, ...

The cell wall has been an area of study since Robert Hooke first observed it in cork cells. It surrounds each plant cell, providing a rigid and protective layer. The presence of a cell wall is one of the distinguishing features between plant and animal cells. Additionally, cell walls are ...