Notes

Introduction It is the most destructive disease for man caused by protozoa. Malaria is widespread in the tropics and subtropics and also in certain areas ...

Uncommon amino acids are those that are not commonly found in the standard set of 20 amino acids used in protein synthesis. While the vast majority of ...

Introduction Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins. They are composed of an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group ...

DNA replication is the biological process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical replicas. It occurs during the cell ...

Translation the process by which a ribosome synthesizes a protein using the information encoded mRNA that occurs in the cytoplasm. The mRNA acts as a ...

RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a type of nucleic acid that is essential for many biological functions, including the control of genetic information, protein ...

The genetic code is a universal set of rules that translate RNA sequences into proteins. It consists of codons made up of three-nucleotide sequences, which ...

DNA transcription is the biological process by which an RNA molecule is synthesized using a DNA template under the direction of DNA and the genetic ...

In earthworms, the excretory organs are in the form of segmentally arranged coiled tubules, which are called nephridia. They remove the wastes through the ...

1. Cholera This is an acute infectious disease caused by Vibrio cholerae. These may get into a healthy person with contaminated food and water. ...